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Sida acuta

Burm.f. (1768)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Sida

sida

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect or sometimes spreading herbs or subshrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall, glabrate to moderately pubescent with simple and stellulate hairs.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, 2-ranked. Blades lanceolate to ovate, 3–10(–12) cm long. Base unequally sided. Surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate pilose, rarely with simple hairs on the upper surface. Margins serrate to near the unequally sided base. Petioles much shorter than blades. Stipules narrowly falcate, ribbed, 5–8 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, usually 2–8 in dense glomerules, pedicels 0.1–0.4 cm long; involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx somewhat plicate in bud, (4–)5–7 mm long, slightly accrescent and often black in fruit, sometimes yellowish at base, usually 10-ribbed. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, rotate to campanulate, corolla of 5 petals, obovate, white to yellow, 6–10 mm long, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column; staminal column included, up to 3 mm long, terminated by filaments; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile, carpels usually 5-10 or numerous; ovules 1 per carpel, pendulous; style exceeding the staminal column, unbranched and stigmatically lobed at apex or branched and branches as many as carpels; stigmas capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps depressed–conical; somewhat fluted; up to 6 mm in diameter; mericarps (6)7–10; 1-seeded; blackish with pale lateral walls; ca. 2.2–3(–3.5) mm long; with 2 slender apical awns 1–2.5 mm long; lower dorsal and lateral walls obscurely rugose–reticulate; indehiscent; upper 1/3 dehiscent; each valve smooth. Seeds brown; 1.7–2 mm long; trigonous-obovoid; pilose about the raphe; otherwise glabrousm with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 18; 28.

Habitat: Naturalized in open and shaded sites.

Elevation Range: 0–790 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Indica: 147 (1768)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:897 (K, O, M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sida acuta Burm.f. Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley Occasional weedy subshrub growing roadside in disturbed secondary forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. Peiterson, G. Collector Number: 99-35 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
2 Sida acuta Burm.f. Kalalau Trail, From Kee, just past mile marker 4, on the right side. Non-native dominated mesic forest. W/Psidium cattleianum, Aleurites moluccana, Cordyline fruticosa, Pittosporum napliense, Psydrax odorata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Clidemia hirta, Pandanus tectorius, Sida acuta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walsh, S. SKW520 Kauai BISH 8/4/2017
3 Sida acuta Burm.f. Koolau Mountains, Kahuku Training Area, just inside gate at top of Pupukea Rd. Mesic, non-native Eucalyptus robusta forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beachy, J. Collector Number: USARMY 141 Oahu BISH 4/7/2009
4 Sida acuta Burm.f. Piwa Valley exclosure. Koaie Canyon Lowland dry-mesic forest. W/ Aleurites moluccana, Lantana camera, Triumfetta semitriloba, Hibiscus waimeae subsp. Waimeae, Psidium Guajava, Ricinus communis, Syrygium cumini, Cordyline fruitcosa, Coffea arabica, Plumbago aeyla. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Walsh, S. SKW624 Kauai BISH 9/10/2018
5 Sida acuta Burm.f. Kiolalaa-Keaa Homestead Addition, Kau Forest Reserve, along Haao Spring Road In forestry plantings of Eucalyptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 328 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1980
6 Sida acuta Burm.f. Kalalau Trail. From Kee, just past mile marker 4, on the right side. Non-native dominated mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Seana Walsh SKW520 Kauai PTBG 8/4/2017
7 Sida acuta Burm.f. Waimea District, Piwa Valley exclosure. Koaie Canyon Lowland dry-mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. Walsh & S. Deans SKW624 Kauai US 9/10/2018
8 Sida acuta Burm.f. Piwa Valley exclosure. Koaie Canyon. Lowland dry-mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Seana Walsh SKW624 Kauai PTBG 9/10/2018
9 Sida acuta Burm.f. along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2424 UHM 1895-07-02
10 Sida acuta Burm.f. hilo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14161 Kauai US 8/17/1916
11 Sida acuta Burm.f. between mckenzie park and kalapana, puna dist. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. wentworth s.n. Hawaii US 7/25/1953
12 Sida acuta Burm.f. kailua, kona, kealakekua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 2481 Hawaii US 4/16/1939
13 Sida acuta Burm.f. waimea district, piwa valley exclosure. koaie canyon Lowland dry-mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. walsh & s. deans skw624 Kauai US 9/10/2018
14 Sida acuta Burm.f. ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District, along the side of the Puna Trail The area is densely shaded by large Mango trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshida, L. Collector Number: 79.098 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
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